Abstract (eng)
During a lifetime bacteria have to deal with a number of stresses due to changes in their environment. Besides the general stress response via reprogramming of the transcriptional machinery, our lab has recently identified a novel post-transcriptional mechanism, which is mediated by a so called toxin-antitoxin (TA) module.
The toxin MazF, whose activity is triggered by various stress conditions, cleaves RNAs at single-stranded ACA sequences. In general, this activity leads to degradation of bulk mRNA. Intriguingly, some distinct mRNAs are cleaved at ACA-sites directly upstream of the start codon and thereby rendered ‘leaderless’ as they lack the 5’-untranslated region. In addition, MazF targets the 16S rRNA of intact ribosomes, resulting in the removal of its 3’-end harboring the anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Consequently, these specialized ribosomes are selective for translation of leaderless mRNAs. Taken together, activation of MazF under adverse conditions results in the translation of a distinct set of mRNAs, which represents a novel paradigm for a translationally regulated stress response and exemplifies the importance of ribosome heterogeneity for regulation of gene expression.
The major focus of my PhD project is the determination of the ‘leaderless mRNA regulon’, i.e. the subset of mRNAs, which are selectively translated upon MazF activation. In this course, I also aim to further characterize the physiological relevance of the MazF-mediated stress response and to estimate the extent and functionality of ribosome heterogeneity. To this end, I developed a method to isolate intact and full length mRNAs after mazF over-expression from polysomes which represent the translatome. Comparison of the translatome with the transcriptome after the stress reveals the so far underestimated significance of selective translation as a regulatory mechanism in gene expression during stress.