Abstract (eng)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered to have cardioprotective effects, however, some epidemiological studies have suggested that dietary intake increases the risk of several types of cancer. The objective was to determine the association between dietary omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids and intake of fish with cancer risk.
Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies were conducted, investigating breast-, colorectal-, pancreatic- and prostate cancer. A random- effects model was used to obtain a pooled relative risk (RR) comparing the highest intake with the lowest. Risk estimates were expressed as RR with 95%-CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed by X2 and quantified by I2.
A large body of literature spanning numerous prospective cohorts from many countries does not provide evidence to suggest a significant association between dietary PUFAs or intake of fish and cancer incidence, except for arachidonic acid (ARA), which showed a significantly increased cancer risk of 7% (RR 1,07, 95%-CI 1,00-1,15, P=0,04).
However, further investigations are necessary to define the concrete role of PUFAs and cancer risk.