Abstract (eng)
During World War II the Soviet Union received large amounts of aid from the Western World
in form of supplies and military intervention, aid which was held in high regard by Soviet
leaders throughout the war. However, after the end of the war, Soviet historiography
minimized this aid, claiming that this help had been unimportant in the Soviet Union’s victory
over Nazi Germany.
This claim of exclusive Soviet victory was used to legitimize Stalin’s rule and to whitewash
all the mistakes and crimes of the Communist regime. This paper examines the claim made by
Soviet historiography, by comparing the amount of received Western supplies to Soviet
domestic production and the military effort invested by Germany into fighting the Western
Allies and the Soviet Union. It comes to the conclusion that in both cases, Western aid was far
more helpful than claimed by the Soviets. Overall Western deliveries supplied roughly 10%
of the Soviet Union’s resources, regarding certain materials the share was far higher, reaching
between one third and half the wartime supply. In terms of military vehicles, Lend-Lease
supply varied between 10% and several times the war time supply of Soviet industry. In
military terms the Western Allies were engaging and destroying only a small part of German
ground forces, however, they were responsible for the destruction of a majority of the
Luftwaffe, and for major disruptions of German industry. Without this aid the Red Army
would not have been able to perform as well as it did historically, tilting the balance in
Germany’s favour. Soviet claims about the irrelevance of Western aid can thus be dismissed
as propaganda and inaccurate.