Abstract (eng)
DM is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, with a continuously increasing prevalence and incidence. Worldwide 387 million people are suffering from DM, from which T2DM is representing approximately 90-95 % of all cases. DM is characterized by an increase in the blood sugar levels, the chronic hyperglycemia, which can cause DNA damage. Hyperglycemia, and its common additional existing risk factors hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are leading to a direct toxic effect of sugar on tissues, and thereupon to changes in small and large vessels, called micro- and macrovascular complications. Furthermore many studies showed evidence for an increased risk of mortality from cancer among diabetics. This evidence has been investigated in different types of cancer. Oxidative stress is the most important mediator of DNA damage in diabetics. The accumulation of DNA damage may lead to mutations. Therefore, damage to DNA is possibly an important biological link between DM and cancer.
In the present master's thesis, which was performed within the cross-sectional study "MIKRODIAB", the impact of T2DM on DNA damage was evaluated by the comet assay in 146 female subjects, which were recruited during their routine check at the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic South in Vienna. DNA strand breaks (lysis) and FPG sensitive sites were evaluated in PBMC'S and in whole blood. Furthermore H₂O₂ induced DNA damage was examined in PBMC'S. For the main hypothesis subjects were divided into two groups with well glycaemic control (HbA1c ≤ 7.5 %; n=74) and poor glycaemic control (HbA1c > 7.5; n=72) and DNA damage was evaluated. For the second hypothesis subjects were divided into tertiles related to their diabetes duration (means: 6.94 ± 3.09 years, 13.35 ± 1.14 years, 22.96 ± 7.35 years).
No significant difference in DNA damage was evaluated when well controlled T2DM subjects were compared to poorly controlled T2DM subjects. Furthermore no significant differences were obtained in DNA damage with respect to diabetes duration. Therefore the main and the secondary hypothesis have to be rejected.
We conclude, that the study population was to homogenous to detect significant differences in DNA damage and HbA1c or diabetes duration by comet assay.