Abstract (eng)
This study explores pictorial solutions within the framework of Christian ritual practices and worship during late antiquity and early medieval times, in general, and the way in which heaven and its constituting clouds were presented in the visual media, in particular. The study examines the features and functions of a detail which sticks out in form and colours in wall pictures of early Christian art. The chosen objects are manifold in terms of material and use. Many of them are analysed with a view to one exemplifying feature, while specifically rewarding ones are treated as case studies and looked at in different contexts. The surveyed time extends from the fourth to the ninth centuries.
The investigation is embedded in a frame of relevant references, structured by historic data and cultural and religious concepts. Against this background light is shed on the question whether, and how, “heaven” in its metaphorical function – as a place where God’s presence is unveiled – was pictured in objects for Christian use, on the one side, and on the role of clouds and their literary and pictorial traditions, on the other side. Special attention is paid to aspects of visual argumentation. For adequate answers, a closer look is taken at the role of visual sense in early Christian thinking and at the optical laws of that time. The study not only examines characteristic examples of 5th- and 6th-century church mosaics but also the ways in which the motif lived on in recipient objects.
Findings show clouded heavens as a pictorial detail which contributed to medial strategies in religious communication. Applied with an eye to users and objects, they served the purpose of adjusting traditional patterns to Christian contents and supply church-goers with authentic images in compliance with theological truth and ritual practices. Artistically, they fed on the means of the time being, such as contrasting colours, abstraction and two-dimensionality which all together underlined the semantic meaning of clouds as autonomous objects of divine light.