Abstract (eng)
Ballgames in pre-Columbian America were popular in Mesoamerica since pre-classic times, and also had, at least in certain versions, important ritual significance. They existed within the European conquest and variants even survived until today, like ball courts, reliefs, ball game paraphernalia etc., but also written documents as codices or chronicles. Outstanding themes like the strong symbolic relation between the ballgame and death, visualization of antagonistic cosmic forces, fertility, prediction or, in social contexts, priority of the community, integration or political control imply the existence of a deeper way of thinking related to the ball game and its philosophical context.
The pre-Columbian ball game can therefore be described as an identity-creating act, which represented a main athletic and ritual based encounter within its cultural area due
to its deeply linked symbolic meanings. Therein, myths contain a particular claim of reason and reflect specific socio-cultural environment and thought processes. Assuming
a dialectical relation between myth and science, the pre-Columbian ball games and their appearance within myths show thought processes and identity-creating actions within
their cultural area. In the course of the present hermeneutical work central functions, motifs and symbols within the context of the ball games were interpreted, referencing myths and
mythological structures in codices, archeological evidence and historical recordings, with emphasis made on the Maya region. Ball games observed as well outside the Mesoamerican cultural area were included into the analysis in various examples, as for North- and South-American zones has been proofed abundantly the existence of various forms of at least comparable concepts within ball games and referencing myths. As a result, there still seem to appear parallels in myth-contexts, as for example sacrifices, fertility rites, astral references or certain recurring symbols. The described forms therefor also proof a strictly closed perception of ballgames as non-serious ludic activities within these cultures as unjust and also suggest further investigations, especially in today still played forms regarding their meanings as transmitters of social identity.