Abstract (eng)
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the connection between muscle and the innervating motoneuron. Its highly specialized structure is important for muscle movement, including breathing and thus the non- or malfunction leads to severe diseases or even death. The innervating motoneuron approaches the muscle guided by the prepatterned AChR cluster region, stabilizes the clusters and leads to their ‘Pretzel’-shaped form. The presynaptic motoneuron accumulates vesicles carrying the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the active zone, opposite of the muscle’s postsynaptic density region, where AChRs become concentrated. The motoneuron releases agrin, a proteoglycan, which diffuses through the synaptic cleft, binds to Lrp4 and leads to homodimerization of MuSK and its activation. Subsequent signaling events lead to phosphorylation of AChR-β subunit and the stabilization of AChR cluster and NMJ maturation. More recently, Wnt proteins have been implicated in MuSK activation and nerve-inpendent AChR clustering, termed prepatterning. In this thesis the role of Wnt proteins and specific cytoskeletal effectors was studied.
The focus of the first project in this thesis was set on the creation of a model system for doxycycline-induced downregulation of MuSK target proteins involved in MuSK activation, internalization, AChR clustering and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Therefore, the method of RNAi or RNA-induced silencing was applied for controlled downregulation of Dynamin-2, Lrp4, EB3 and FAK. The aim was to test target protein downregulation, differentiation of myotubes and the effect on AChR clustering in doxycycline-treated and untreated C2 myotubes. Results indicated successful downregulation of endogenous Dynamin-2, FAK and EB3 by more than 50%. Lrp4 showed a downregulation rate of approximately 40%. A reduced number of AChR clusters in response to agrin suggested that Lrp4 downregulation was successful, whereas FAK downregulation appeared to have no influence on AChR clustering.
The second part of the thesis addressed the agrin-independent MuSK activation by Wnt proteins. The goal was to establish a heterologous cell line (CHO cell line) to stably express soluble Wnt 4, 9a and 11 for further purification of recombinant Wnt. Numerous subcloning strategies, different transfection methods, differently tagged Wnt proteins and purifying optimizations were assayed. Expression and purification of Wnt proteins were achieved but obtained Wnt concentrations were too low for further experiments. In additional experiments I was able to demonstrate specific binding of Wnt4 to MuSK using co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, I examined the interaction of Wnt, MuSK and Lrp4 using co-localization studies of the three proteins on the cell surface of Cos- 7 cells.