Abstract (eng)
This thesis investigates the compositional and camera techniques which allow unreliable narration to be shown on screen. The methods which filmmakers use to realise narrative techniques such as perspectivity and the inclusion of unreliability markers are examined and analysed. Perspectivity and focalisation, as well as the character of the narrators of unreliable texts are a special focus of this thesis, as the level of subjectivity of the text depends upon the extent to which it is focalised. Because the function of unreliable narration is frequently to temporarily mislead the viewer, this thesis will also determine how information can be withheld from the viewer. The techniques used must also, however, be analysed in the context of both the rhetorical and the constructivist approach. The rhetorical approach concerns the text as composed by the author and includes the creation of the ‘implied author’. The constructivist approach applies to the reception of the text by the reader or viewer and the interpretation of the narrative in accordance with the acknowledgement of literary devices used to signal unnatural narration. As most of the information in a film is transmitted visually, not verbally, the role of the camera is of particular interest. In order to investigate the realisation of unreliable narration on screen, three films which employ unreliability are discussed. Bryan Singer’s The Usual Suspects and David Fincher’s Fight Club are well known for their use of unreliable narrators; the techniques used to achieve this effect of unbalancing the viewer have been the subject of some academic discussion. With the aid of a third film, Gerard Stembridge’s About Adam, this thesis is intended to help bridge the apparent gap in the field of narratological research which has so far failed to state just how and why the viewer can be deceived by the medium of film.