Abstract (eng)
This thesis is about finding out how the common past in Serbia and Bosnia is being perceived.
At the beginning, several theses will be presented, which are to prove or to refute, based on the literature. Thereby it gets clear, that the heroes of the one, are the other’s criminals.
From the way of historiography and the media presence, five schools have been picked out and covered. The Yugoslav communist, Serbian national, Bosnian national, neo Dukljanian school in Montenegro and the European liberal school in Serbia. Based on various criteria, tries to divide the historians in certain schools.
The moderate historians, who can’t be assigned to any of these schools, are only mentioned now and then as an example. Public opinion is strongly influenced by these historians through media.
Basically, the theses of the schools can be summarized as follows. For the Yugoslav communist school the uprisings of Yugoslavs are a sign of the class struggle and for the Serbian national historian, the Serbian history of the 19th century is a struggle for freedom against the Ottoman rule. For the Bosnian national school it was a struggle of Bosnia against its aggressive neighbors, Serbia and Croatia. The 19th century is an attempt to make the Montenegrins to Serbs, according to the dukljanian school. For the European liberal school, Serbian history is an epic struggle between modernizers and traditionalists.
Therefore, an overview of the most important revolts is being procured, where the national identity has developed.
First, a historical overview is given, beginning shortly with the Middle Ages, the early modern period and then more about the 19th century.
In the middle ages the development of religions in the region is important above all and is discussed. In the early modern period it is the social position of Christians and Muslims, like the many migrations in the Balkans, which have been caused by the Ottoman rule.
In the 19th century the thesis starts with the first Serbian Uprising and their evaluation, as well as the rule of Obrenović and Karađorđević on Serbia and the review. With the reflection of the two Serbian nationalists Dositej Obradović and Vuk Karadžić it is shown, how the development of the Serbian national idea.
The Herzegovina uprising was an attempt by Serb rebels to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina to Serbia and Montenegro. This conflict has enlarged both, Serbia as well as Montenegro and Austria-Hungary got to manage Bosnia and Herzegovina. The failed attempt to establish an overarching religious denomination Bosnian identity is addressed. In the work the reflection of the oriental heritage of Serbia is addressed. How they handled them in today's Serbia. The Zadruga farming community was regarded by the communist historiography as primitive commune and of the liberal European school as an obstacle to the modernization of Serbia. The works end is that it must be possible that different interpretations coexist. To respect the opinion of others is central.