Abstract (eng)
The number of underweight Japanese women has risen to alarming levels. But which subjective reasons motivate Japanese women in their twenties, who are of normal weight, to pursue slimness and try to be lean, to the point of becoming underweight? In the following thesis, the previous explanatory model of Westernization, according to which the rise of underweight people can be reduced to the Westernization of Japanese society, is going to be checked for validity. With the help of symbolic interactionism theory, I will attempt to estimate whether the pursuit of slimness has already become a part of the Japanese culture. In the course of a participant observation in Japan, I documented, in which environment and context Japanese women find themselves in every day and how their personal perception concerning slimness can be derived. Furthermore, I questioned 15 Japanese women between 20 and 30 about their subjective perception using a questionnaire. The excessive representation of slimness in everyday life, respectively advertisements, propagates an unrealistic female – westernized – ideal, which is reflected in the current, unreachable beauty standards. Moreover, despite of healthy Japanese cuisine, an excessive promotion of diet products and set meals could be noticed. The permanent presence of slim celebrities and diets suggest an image, that slim people are happier and more successful. Japanese women also expressed the same subjective reasons: better looks, advantageous outside perception, as self-control and self-confidence are conveyed, health as well as the assumption that slimness is favored by men and employers. The model of Westernization could only be partially confirmed: companies use e.g. Mixed-race models for advertisements to strike a balance between Japanese identity and their desire for ‘Westernness’. The pursuit of slimness, despite of being of normal weight in case of medical terms, cannot be reduced to the Westernization of Japanese society alone, but has become a matter of course and is not questioned anymore. The current generation of young Japanese women grew up in a society, in which it has become the norm to be underweight.