Abstract (eng)
The following master’s thesis aims to examine the complex subject of subversion and identity crisis in the aesthetic style of the American film noir in the genre of the melodrama between 1945 and 1950 from a cultural studies perspective. Melodrama has established itself as a commercial genre. In contrast, film noir shaped the American film history of the 1940s. As a result of World War II, numerous European filmmakers emigrated to America. Instead of leaving behind their artistic background that was characterized by a particular camera and lighting technology, they integrated it into their creative period in the US. The aesthetic style of film noir reflects the insecurity of the American society in the 1940s and influenced several genres – among them the melodrama.
In this context, it is necessary to explain the aspect of the visual and narrative fusion of the melodrama and film noir that created the category of melodramatic noir. Based on the subgenres noir western and the woman’s film as well as a genre analysis by Steve Neale, the following focuses on visual and narrative structures that define noir melodrama.
As this thesis consists of historically conceptualized film analyses, special attention is paid to the contextualization of the films in their cultural and historical environment. The basic narrative structures of the melodrama are clearly discernible in the selected films, though the aesthetics of noir give them a different meaning. Therefore, the merging of the genre of melodrama with the aesthetic style of film noir results in a subgenre: noir melodrama.
From a corpus of twenty-one films, three were selected that can be classified as noir melodrama. The theoretical elaborations on noir melodrama made it possible to demonstrate the narrative and aesthetic points of contact of melodrama and film noir in the film analyses and examine the question of how subversion and identity crisis are represented in the film examples.
MILDRED PIERCE (Michael Curtiz, 1945), THE STRANGE WOMAN (Edgar G. Ulmer, 1946) and WOMAN ON THE BEACH (Jean Renoir, 1947) exhibit the interface between melodrama und film noir. Due to the special aesthetics of noir, the melodramatic action takes a destructive, pessimistic turn by presenting a story about murder and (self) destruction. Particularly identity crises of both gender roles, implicit or suppressed sexualities and the resulting psychological conflicts are substantial plot elements of noir melodrama.