Abstract (eng)
In this Master’s Thesis the development and distribution of candelabra in the Late Antiquity are discussed. Written sources as well as material sources are considered. The origin of the candelabra can be set in the Etruscan culture. We have little findings of these artefacts in the Classical and Hellenistic period in Greece. The Romans, highly influenced by the Etruscans, made the candelabrum mainstream. They produced them in metal and stone (marble).
Candelabra were often shown in Art. In wall paintings in Pompeii they divided depicted scenes from each other. This tradition continued in early Christianity. But these purposes also changed through time: later on, following Christian iconography, the candelabra developed to be a symbol of the Apocalypse and eternal life. In the churches S. Prassede and SS. Cosma e Damiano (Rome) the whole story of the Apocalypse is shown.
In the catacomb of S. Gennaro in Naples a painting of the martyr Iannuarius surrounded by two candelabra is depicted. Two effects of candelabra can be traced using iconography: one is to highlight the main person, the second is to represent the inner light, the divine light, which many church fathers described.
The few surviving candelabra are mainly products originating from the Near East and few from Asia Minor. Most of them are clearly designed for oil-usage. Considering candelabra with candles on top, one mainly has to look for examples in mosaics from this area depicting their usage.