Abstract (eng)
A central contribution to the development of today’s classical mechanics was provided by the findings about the free fall. In the antiquity Aristotle already dealt with the phenomenon of free fall. Until the 17th century, this phenomenon was handled and discussed by many physicists, until Galilei finally formulated what today is known as the law of free fall. And even after that, the free fall was subject of many studies and experiments. Over the years, new apparatuses have been developed over and over again in order to conduct free fall tests. The historical collection of the Faculty of Physics of the University Vienna still owns some of these historical apparatuses. These are the Atwood’s machine in three different models, the Hipp chronoscope with a fall apparatus, the pendulum apparatus and the fall apparatus from Navez and the fall apparatus from Lippich.
The aim of this diploma thesis is to review the history of the free fall and give an overview of it. Based on this, this diploma thesis deals with the historical free fall apparatuses of the University of Vienna and gives a description of the instruments. In the practical part of this thesis, typical experiments were carried out with these historical instruments and compared with modern experiments.