Abstract (eng)
In the world, substantial health inequalities both across social strata and geographical locations persist. Every year, several million people die from preventable or treatable causes with the poor in low- and middle-income countries being most severely affected. This dissertation studies the health situation of poor households in the Philippines and analyzes the potential impact of community health programs in achieving sustainable improvements. In the recent years, an increasing number of microfinance institutions (MFIs) got engaged in the development and implementation of integrated health programs in an attempt to extend health care to medically underserved populations. Yet, as of now, little is known about the impacts of such initiatives and the specific barriers faced by the implementing organization. This thesis focuses on the health program of the Kasagana-Ka Development Inc. (KDCI), a social development MFI, which provides essential health services and check-ups to its clients. As supportive element of the health program, KDCI has started to train community health workers (CHWs) from the client population who fulfill different tasks in their neighborhoods. In the first chapter of the thesis, the CHW program is evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial design. Besides evaluating the general impact of the initiative, I study the role of the health worker’s competencies and motivation, her social networks, and the quality of the existing public health infrastructure in influencing program acceptance in the communities. The second chapter studies peer effects on the use of the check-ups offered by my partner organization. Using rich sociometric data, I employ a structural IV identification strategy to overcome the well-known challenges in the estimation of social interaction effects in non-experimental, cross-sectional settings. In addition, I study mechanisms that influence under which conditions peer effects are most likely to occur using retrospective information on the timing of the take-up. The final thesis chapter provides a test of the allocative efficiency hypothesis which offers a behavioral explanation for educational differences in health. According to this theory, the educated possess more health knowledge and information, allowing them to make better health choices. As an extension of previous studies, I construct a comprehensive index that captures different dimensions of health knowledge and employ a generalized propensity score matching approach to analyze the role of knowledge in explaining education effects on health lifestyle. The data for this thesis was collected in face-to-face-interviews in two survey waves in February 2014 (n=792) and April 2015 (n=1064). It provides useful lessons which are of high relevance not only for academic research, but also for development organizations and policy makers. Despite its geographical focus, the results of this thesis have more wide-reaching applicability and implications that go beyond the specific study context.