Abstract (eng)
The aim of the thesis is to analyze medial configurations of the sense of touch between the poles of hand and skin, and to show which challenges stand in the way of the mediatisation of the touch analogous to telemedia. The starting point is the question as to whether the present interest in the tactile sense is a recent, digital development or an intensification of an older confrontation of man and technology. The thesis follows the second interpretation and argues, using the example of a monochord equipped with keys (15th c.), that the key disciples the act of touching: The searching, approaching touch is linked to pressing the key and, in addition, to the sphere of the symbolic - a fundamental configuration of the sense of touch that continues into the present. Different configurations are discussed along the epistemologies of the actively controlling hand and the suffering passive skin. The focus is on the controlling hands without which the media phenomena on screens and monitors would not be conceivable. The hand is thus interpreted as an integrative organ between the spheres of the material and the symbolic, founded by the common segmentation of hand and language. The thesis develops a taxonomy of manual-haptic configurations based on the terms instrument, tool, automaton, machine and medium, which expresses specific relations of hand and device as well as specific power relations between man and technology. These are neither monolithic nor exclusive; e.g. automata can be represented by more than one characteristic (e.g.: obtain energy by hand, fascinate through mechanical simulations of life), multimodal devices such as the computer can appear as automaton, tool or medium. The contribution of Marshall McLuhan to the theory of tactile media is being particularly appreciated. Subsequently, the relationship of hand, device and gaze is problematized, departing from Martin Heidegger's „Umsicht“ (circumspection), which is used for the description of the „situated agents“ of artificial intelligence research and confronted with Jacques Derrida's critique of the „single hand“. Friedrich Kittler's position on blind computing machines ism through analyses, extended on to the touchscreen; the equation of women and machine as bedroom and study-dwelling ‚typewriter‘ is criticized, guided by source texts. Heidi Rae Cooley's analysis of the tactile vision of ‚mobile screenic devices‘ (based on Walter Benjamin) is unfolded and expanded to take account of current mobile networked scenarios, particularly the image practice of the selfie. The question of the status of the skin in media is achieved by its characterization as a boundary organ and surface of confrontation, and is discussed by means of examples such as ‚case modding‚‘, the chargeability of rectangular surfaces and forms of interaction on the touchscreen between key and surface. Alois Riegl's optical / haptic difference is updated to make it applicable to computer game interfaces; positions on haptic visuality, which refer to Riegl, are questioned. The final chapter presents the difficulties of developing genuinely haptic media, that is to say, media that tele-mediate touch perceptions, and goes on to explain the physiological and perceptual, psychological foundations of the sense of touch, whose complexness combined in the body (as a combination of vibration, touch, pressure, pain, temperature and proprioception) makes it hard to detach haptic perceptions from the body. As media discourses and reflections of social knowledge, four visions of haptic media by the authors Solomon Friedländer, Aldous Huxley, Salvador Dalí and Oswald Wiener are discussed. In particular Wiener’s vision of the bio-adapter is highlighted as the only conceivable, if technically and ethically utterly impossible, method for producing haptic (tele) media.