Abstract (eng)
What are the reasons, that makes Saudi Arabia join an on-going conflict? Why does Saudi Arabia perceive some conflicts as threats to its interests and others not?
This study sets out to analyse Saudi Arabia’s decision-making within the region of the Middle East. A lot of political decisions are taken every day concerning the Saudi relationship with their regional partners, however not all noticeable and representative of Saudi Arabia’s thinking. There are two problems with the current talk about the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Firstly, politicians, and journalist do not think when they talk about the Middle East, instead only look at the religious side. However, the Arab politics is – like every other region and country as well – guided not by religion, but by state interests. Religion may be more important in the Middle East than in Europe and maybe the United States of America, but it is still not a political motivation. And secondly, there is a veil of ignorance about the region, especially about Saudi Arabia. The Saudis are a major regional actor and it is essential to understand the rationale behind their actions. What motivates them? What influences their regional motivation? Foreign military interventions are a well-researched quantitative and qualitative theoretical area, but there has not been a case study on Saudi Arabia and its reasons for intervening in other states. There are no political actions as cost-expensive and effective as military interventions. At the height of Saudi military spending in 1998 they invested as much as 41,2% of their total governmental spending into the military. Recently, the military share of the budget has climbed again to 32,6% in 2015. For European standards these numbers are astonishing, but for Saudi Arabia, military intervention play a big role. Decisions on them are not taken light-heartedly.
This study looks at nine different economic, ideological and security-related factors, which all more or less influence the decision to militarily intervene. It is clear that no political leader would militarily get involved in a conflict he does not think he will win. If this were the case, other non-military intervention would have been decided on.