Abstract (eng)
Archaeology and archaeological sciences combine different disciplines to examine the spatial and temporal development of human societies based on material remains. The humanities and natural sciences provide a wide repertoire of disciplines and technologies for recording, analyzing, and interpreting archaeological evidence. Developing and applying multidisciplinary methods from this repertoire is essential for the documentation and preservation of archaeological heritage. Non-destructive methods of archaeological prospection reveal archaeological evidence at multiple scales from discrete phenomena to whole landscapes. Analytical sciences enable detailed analysis and dating of the material component of soil, artifacts, and ecofacts. Within this thesis, specific methods are presented: secondary electron microscopy (SEM), on-site application of portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF), and geophysical prospection, with the latter focusing on magnetic prospection. The analysis of results provided by various multidisciplinary methods demands an integrated interpretational workflow. This thesis suggests basic principles and routines to guarantee reproducible and comparable results, with the concept of acceptable threshold for scientific methods in bona fide archaeological conditions. A theoretical and practical framework for the spatio-temporal analysis of archaeological phenomena will be presented and discussed. The practical aspect involves the implementation of an archaeological information system (AIS), which is based on the functionality of geographic information systems (GIS). In order to fulfill the demands for integrated interpretation of archaeological data, AIS has to include various additional tools for temporal sequencing, data management, and data visualization. Clear definitions regarding the validity and limits of applied methods for specific scientific settings are crucial under these circumstances. This is argued within the discussion of the theoretical framework including limits and pitfalls of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. For a valid integrated interpretation that is based on multidisciplinary approaches and is archaeologically relevant, data must be presented within a spatio-temporal context with room for both scientific and humanistic interpretations.