Abstract (eng)
The 3.6 Ma old impact structure El’gygytgyn, located in north-east Chukotka in arctic Russia, was formed mostly in acidic volcanic rocks. The 18 km in diameter circular depression is filled with Lake El’gygytgyn (with a diameter of 12 km) that contains a continuous record of lacustrine sediments of the Arctic from the past 2.8 Ma (Melles et al. 2011). In 2009, El’gygytgyn became the focus of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). This project took almost a decade to come to fruition due to financial and logistical challenges. The recovery of a total of 642.4 m of drill core from two sites, from four holes, yielded material including sedimentary and impactite rocks. Lithostratigraphically, the drill cores comprise lacustrine sediment sequences, impact breccias, and deformed target rocks. The impactite core was recovered from 316.08 to 517.30 meters below lake floor (mblf). The target rocks are part of the Late Cretaceous OkhotskChukotka Volcanic Belt and consist of lavas, tuffs, ignimbrites of rhyolitic, dacitic, and andesitic compositions, including modest intercalations of basalt. In the process of this master’s thesis, the transition zone, ranging from 311.467 to 317.38, between the post-impact lacustrine sediments and the impactite sequences, was studied petrographically and geochemically. The transition layer comprises a mixture of six meters of loose sedimentary and volcanic material containing isolated clasts. Petrographical investigations of the transition layer were conducted on 27 polished thin sections of 23 samples, using optical and electron microscopy, and raman spectroscopy. Shock metamorphic effects, such as planar fractures (PFs) and planar deformation features (PDFs), were observed in a few quartz grains. The discoveries of silica diaplectic glass hosting coesite, kinked micas and amphibole, lechatelierite, numerous impact melt shards and clasts, and spherules are associated with the impact event. Geochemical investigations of selected samples include bulk rock analyses measured via instrumental neutron activation analyses (INAA), as well as major element analyses of minerals, spherules, and melt clasts measured by electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). The occurrence of spherules, impact melt clasts, silica diaplectic glass, and lechatelierte, about one meter below the onset of the transition marks the beginning of the more coherent impact ejecta layer. The results of siderophile interelement ratios of the transition layer spherules give indications of the contribution of a meteoritical component. Similar results for spherules, but from the impactite drill core, were documented by Goderis et al. (2013), who concluded that a LL-chondrite represents the most probable projectile.