Abstract (eng)
The current research observes the impact of war and flight on a particularly vulnerable group, namely pregnant women. This anthropological study focuses specifically on the situation of Syrian refugees living in the Austrian county of Vorarlberg.
The empirical methods chosen consist of narrative and semi-structured interviews as well as participant observation. An analysis of the collected data includes extensive literature research, taking into account recent anthropological theoretical developments. These methods allow for the identification of changes in pregnancy and motherhood as a result of war and flight. Pregnancy, child birth and motherhood are understood to be culturally shaped phenomena, which can be situated within a “birthing system” (Jordan 1993[1978]) specific to each society. The “birthing system” and the hierarchy of knowledge therein, together with Colen’s (1995) concept of “stratified reproduction”, constitute the theoretical framework for the analysis of pregnancy and motherhood in the context of flight.
A detailed account of Syria’s health system as well as selected local cultural traditions, such as parental name change or the phenomenon of kabsa, allow for sociocultural and religious contextualisation of the research results. An examination of access to medical and social care amongst Syrian women together with the consideration of culture-specific conceptions of pregnancy and child birth during patient-staff interactions reveal strategies applied within the Austrian birthing system (adaptation, differentiation, active participation). Stereotypical discursive representations of the Arabic woman as house wife and mother as well as the loss of a certain standard of living limit the women in their freedom of choice for or against (another) pregnancy. In contrast, a reduction of influence from relatives due to geographical distance results in an expansion of the refugees’ action framework. The experience of loss and the dwindling of the social and familial network causes increased focus on the nuclear family. Such changes to strategies of reproduction are one of the effects of war and flight among Syrian refugees in Vorarlberg.