Abstract (eng)
In previous decades obesity received a lot of attention. Showing rising numbers of overweight and obese people in many countries all over the world, the media talks about an “obesity epidemic”. In this context obesity is framed as a problem of a population. In this research I examine a particular type of newspaper article, which differs from this typical form of reporting on obesity. The talk is of obesity anecdotes, which are narrations about individuals who are or were obese.
While the cause of obesity is not clear from a scientific standpoint, the dominant obesity discourse frames individuals as responsible for being obese, because of their eating and exercising behavior (Lupton, 2013). Further, news media treats obesity almost exclusively as caused by individual behavior (Saguy, 2010). In media reports on obesity individuals who are obese are explicitly or implicitly requested to engage in weight loss activities. Because individual responsibility is highlighted in the obesity discourse and obesity anecdotes feature narrations about individuals, I am interested in the moral work of obesity anecdotes. Hence, the main focus is on implicit calls to engage in weight loss activities, as well as descriptions on how to lose weight.
In the research I applied the concept of biopedagogy (Wright & Harwood, 2009), which lead me to understanding obesity anecdotes as pedagogical sites that engage readers in processes of learning how to tackle obesity. The data for the media analysis was collected from five daily and weekly Austrian newspapers with a total of 122 anecdotes.
As the majority of obesity anecdotes in the data report on weight loss success, they show “proof” that weight loss methods work. However, in this thesis I show that obesity anecdotes do much more than this. The analysis is structured along three thematic clusters. The first one focuses on the narrative structure of weight loss anecdotes and how weight loss practices are described. These descriptions, showing transformations of bodies, behaviors and selves, can be read as instructions how to transform to a slender and allegedly healthier body. Second, I analyzed the implicit assumptions behind the descriptions of weight loss activities, which inform about the understanding of how weight loss works. These assumptions circle around the idea of controlling the own body. And third, I examined the peculiar ways of communicating information about weight loss practices, while 'just' telling a story about an individual. Obesity anecdotes turn out to be very effective pedagogical sites, which engage readers in learning processes about how to lose weight, by communicating information about how to conduct weight loss attempts embedded in a narration about an individual. The pedagogical effectiveness is further enhanced by creating a feeling of collectivity among those affected by obesity and by applying an appreciative way of communication. Finally, I discuss connections between my findings and recent work on health communication, which examines story telling as a way of communicating health information.