Abstract (eng)
Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, used in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and complicated skin and skin- structure infections. It has a high antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria including meticillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A characteristic of this antibiotic is his high plasma protein binding. This influences the distribution, metabolization, excretion of the drug and is crucial to determine dose ranging. Up to now, there is no standardization for the determination of the plasma protein binding rate. In case of Telavancin, this leads to plasma protein binding values from 87% to 95%.
In scope of this diploma thesis the plasma protein binding of Telavancin was examined using ultrafiltration and the free fraction of the drug was quantified by the use of a specific HPLC system. In the first step, the extent of the unspecific binding of Telavancin to the filter material was determined. Furthermore, the influence of relevant experimental parameters on the extend of plasma protein binding was tested by altering albumin concentration, pH-value and the molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of the spin filters. The unspecific binding was minimized for one type of spin filter by pretreatment with the pure Telavancin-solutions. In addition, we evaluated the plasma protein binding of human serum.
In the experimental setup, using the 1µg/ml Telavancin solution the unspecific binding rate was always above 85%. Tests with the 20 µg/ml Telavancin solution showed that the unspecific binding is saturable. First, binding rates at this concentration were at about 98%, in the end they sank to 64% at pH 6.0 and to 53.96% at pH 7.4. Generally, it should be noted that unspecific binding rates were higher in the experimental setup at pH 6.0 than at pH 7.4. The increase of the albumin concentration in the test solutions, led to a slight increase of protein-bound drug in nearly all experiments. Using the pretreated spin filters led, to significant lower plasma protein binding rates, despite the smaller MWCO of these filters. Using the pretreated filters, the plasma protein binding rates were always under 90%.
In conclusion, it should be noted that Telavancin has a high affinity for synthetic surfaces, which should not be neglected in plasma protein binding studies. The outcomes of the experiments show that small changes in the experimental setup can have great influence on the results. In relation to Telavancin probably general guidelines for the determination of the plasma protein binding could be useful to minimize the effect of unspecific binding on the results and make them more comparable.