Abstract (eng)
This MA thesis analyses a qualitative and quantitative data base from two shelters in
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from 1965–2009 where Mossi women, mostly widows, seek
shelter from violence experienced in their home villages. The women are expelled as sweba
and kept responsible for death and misfortune. How do women become sweba?
Utilizing Foucaults concepts of governmentality and security dispositive, combined with a
feminist approach I explore the phenomenon as a modern form of violence against women that
developed after independence. After a historical approach to early modern European witchcraft
focusing on multiple factors the point is made, that the sweba phenomenon is not witchcraft in
terms of European concepts, but a gender specific form of violence and stigma, legitimated by
a misogynic culture-specific Mossi ideology in Burkina Faso that leads to poverty and
homelessness.
Rural structures such as land use and marriage rules were put into question during the socialist
revolutionary years of Thomas Sankara (1984–1987) with its political, economic and social
changes. With the “rectification” in the following years the sweba concept became relevant in
practice, engendering the social exclusion of women. Land use and “levirate” marriage was
denied to women, especially widows, who depended entirely on their husbands. The rise of
sweba related violence joined with a general rise of violence against women in Burkina Faso
and a demographic change from mostly traditional religious beliefs to a Muslim dominance.
The sweba concept is legitimated through Mossi “tradition” and concerns mostly women of
“traditional” Mossi belief.