Abstract (eng)
Paul Bataillard (1816–1894) was a Parisian journalist, editor, republican, historian, anthropologist and archivist. His numerous publications on the ethnography, history, and origins of people defined as Bohémiens or Tsiganes lay the foundation of French Gypsyology, the scientific discovery and description of the gypsy identity. Contributing to a critical prosopography of nineteenth century research on the imagined race of gypsies, this micro-historical study examines the scientific gaze, its contexts, claims to truth, standards of scientificity, impact, and power structures. The first part analyses the social, institutional, ideological, and biographical contexts of Bataillard’s research. The second part focuses on the content of his theories, dissecting implicit conceptions of race and gender, his exposure and reaction to popular representations of gypsies, and his hypothesis on their origin. The final part draws conclusions firstly about his scientific standards and how consistently he adhered to them, secondly about his motivations and how his research interests were sustained, and lastly about the impact he had on French and European Gypsyology. Placing the researcher at the center of this historical study, reverses the scientific gaze on gypsies and reveals the situatedness of knowledge produced by Gypsyology.