Abstract (eng)
The present dissertation describes caste-specific morphological characters and proportions in the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis. These taxa are known for their evolutionary success and complex caste-systems, thus making them ideal subjects to investigate phenotypic integration – i.e., the propensity of structures to form strongly correlated “modules” linked through common development and function. The five papers presented herein mainly focus on multivariate statistical analyses of morphometric data, but support this approach by application of multidisciplinary methods. In summary, the included studies show that camponotine castes can be reliably characterized using simple, classical methods of morphometry. Consistently across all studies, minor workers show elongated appendages and the highest intraspecific size variation of all castes. Major workers possess large, stout bodies, enlarged heads and extremely short, thick appendages. Gynes may be characterized by the presence of the flight apparatus, ocelli, a head shape similar to conspecific major workers, and large eyes. These caste-specific character complexes are partially shown to represent morphological modules linked to common development and function. The investigation of several gynes infected by pathogenic mermithid nematodes showed striking morphological alterations. The results are mainly interpreted within the framework of morphological modularity and phenotypic integration, EcoEvoDevo, behavioural ecology and division of labour. Character-sets unique to each caste may be interpreted as adaptations to their specialized functions within the colony.