Abstract (eng)
Recently, literary dystopias have seen a considerable rise on the book market, especially in young adult literature. In this context, dystopian discourses have also entered the picturebook, creating a notable subgenre of dystopian picturebooks. Even though picturebook dystopias constitute a particularly compelling variant of dystopian writing for both the youngest of readers and readers of all ages in which the dystopia is constructed and negotiated by multimodal texts, dystopian picturebooks have not yet been conceptualized and analyzed as a (sub)genre in its own right. In the first part of this thesis, possible ways of defining dystopian picturebooks are discussed, drawing on Darko Suvin’s theory of ‘estrangement’ and Miguel Abensour’s concept of ‘(radical) alterity’. In the second part, the thesis investigates two dystopian picturebooks that connect processes of colonization with environmental and ecological developments like industrialization, urbanization, and pollution, which are attributed almost apocalyptic consequences: John Marsden and Shaun Tan’s The Rabbits (1998, Australia) and Helen Ward and Marc Craste’s Varmints (2007, UK). The foci of the multimodal analysis are the ways in which these linkages are constructed by the picturebook dystopia, and how the verbal and visual representations of the colonizers, the colonized, and the environment transgress or perpetuate cultural stereotypes – such as ‘terra nullius’ (ní Fhlathúin, Johnston/Lawson), the ‘Vanishing Indian’ (Dippie), or the ‘Ecological Indian’ (Krech III) – and dominant binary oppositions such as nature/culture, human/animal, human/machine. Within this poststructural framework, the picturebooks are examined using postmodern concepts of literary dystopias such as Dunja Mohr’s definition of ‘transgressive utopian dystopias.’ Informed by postcolonial and ecocritical theory, the thesis shows how processes of colonization are constructed as determining destructive developments of industrialization, urbanization, and pollution in a transnational, transhistorical context.