Abstract (eng)
In an era, where personalized medicine is envisioned, molecular imaging is significant to the realization of an individually tailored therapy according to the patient’s needs. Positron emission tomography (PET) uses the favorable physical properties of positron decay to trace the distribution of a radio-labeled pharmaceutical (PET-tracer) in vivo. PET enables a non-invasive, quantitative and highly sensitive visualization of any molecular event or biological process – depending on the employed PET-tracer. In this manner, PET serves as a molecular diagnostic tool that provides an accurate and sensitive detection of diseases in an early stage.
The ideal PET imaging strategy combines the favorable characteristics of the target, a suitable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profile of the PET-tracer and a specific target-ligand-interaction. One key challenge in PET-tracer development is the precise evaluation of these characteristics, as the translational and predictive value of preclinical methods regarding the suitability of newly developed PET-tracers for human application is controversially discussed.
PET imaging strategies within the scope of this thesis included the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR), the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) and the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1). [18F]FE@SUPPY, the first A3AR PET-tracer, evinced as a highly lipophilic compound and showed unspecific binding, unfavorable pharmacokinetics and low in vivo stability in a mouse model. Thus, in its given form, [18F]FE@SUPPY is inadequate to serve as a PET-tracer for A3AR imaging. The well-established TSPO PET-tracer [18F]FEPPA, which is currently in clinical use for microglia activation, was evaluated in vitro in colorectal cancer for the first time. Preliminary testing showed promising results regarding the specificity of [18F]FEPPA binding to colon cancer tissue and cells. However, clinical TSPO PET imaging using [18F]FEPPA is limited due to the polymorphism rs6971. Therefore, this imaging strategy provides only a temporary solution until a PET-tracer is developed, which binds with equal affinity to TSPO in all patients. In a detailed in vitro and in vivo evaluation, the MCHR1 PET-tracers, [11C]SNAP-7941 and [18F]FE@SNAP, were compared regarding affinity, selectivity, metabolic stability and quality of PET imaging data. [11C]SNAP-7941 emerged as the superior tracer compared to [18F]FE@SNAP for future human use. In a further study, special emphasis was placed on the evaluation of [11C]SNAP-7941 for brown adipose tissue imaging, as preliminary data indicated MCHR1 expression. Thus, besides a clinical application of [11C]SNAP-7941 in mental and neurologic disorders, an application in metabolic related diseases is becoming more and more
realistic.