Abstract (eng)
The research focuses on the complex issue of the conviviality, alongwith its public and private functions,in Late Antique Egypt. This topic fits in the broader frameworks of studies and publications on the ancient world and specifically on the Roman convivium.
The analysis of a double-pillar dining room with masonry stibadium(sigma couch) found at Amheida (Dakhla Oasis, Western desert of Egypt) in 2010 by the Archaeological Mission of The New York University directed by Prof. R. Bagnall, points out the absence of previous studies about the Roman banquet in the Egyptian cultural field. The sigma couch and the private dining room in Amheida (second half - third quarter of the 4th century CE) represent the main research case. The following study focuses on the systematic collection of archaeological evidence in connection with the convivial costumes present on the Egyptian territory and datable between the Roman and the Late Antique and Byzantine periods.
Furthermore, the research took into account the available information from written sources such as the papyrus and classical literary texts in order to define the various aspects of the banquet. However, despite the large amount of texts on papyrus found in Egypt, archaeological evidence provides more information on the ways of celebrating formal banquets.
Particular attention was given to the “Architecture of the convivium”, i.e. the analysis of the settings and furnishings used for the celebrations of banquets in the different domestic, public, religious and funerary contexts.
The dining rooms and the banquet couches documented so far have had architectonic plans and shapes, decorative elements and a peculiar setting that allow to identify the function of the spaces. These elements suggest a certain standardization of the architectural schemes and the introduction of models and traditions coming from the Graeco-Roman world. These models are often combined with local building elements, recognizable especially in the planimetric organization of spaces and in the building materials. The collected data point out different degrees of use of the convivium elements perhaps influenced by the different degree of “Romanization” in the different regional contexts. Finally, the analyzed structures denote the different ways in which Mediterranean models have been re-visited and influenced by a local strongly rooted building tradition and the social membership of the owners.