Abstract (eng)
In the course of the First Partition of Poland in 1772 the Habsburg Monarchy acquired the extensive and densely populated province of Galicia, which was regarded as an “inland colony” by state officials as well as Josephinian publicists from the beginning. This understanding of a civilizing mission in the imperial East provided the discursive foundation for the early Austrian language policy, which generally favoured German, understood as a language of culture and science, over the vernacular Polish and was inherently linked to the establishment of Maria Theresia’s new school system in the multi-ethnic region. Under Joseph II the expansion of the official state language German, justified both culturally and with regard to utilitarian thinking, appears to be connected even stronger to the development of elementary schools in Galicia. This interrelation, motivated by the Emperor’s desire for popular enlightenment as well as consolidation of power, manifested itself most forcefully within the public Jewish school system, where Germanisation was handled as a means of civilization towards Galicia’s Jewish population. The failure of those language politics was evident by 1790 at the latest, when the Polish nobility openly put up resistance against the dissemination of German in the province and rather managed to enforce Polonisation over the course of the 19th century.