Abstract (eng)
This thesis focuses on concepts and measurability of subjective quality of life in elderly care facilities. Quality of life is increasingly used to gauge quality of service in care facilities. In this specific setting, however, customer and patient surveys, which focus on satisfaction, are not feasible because there are other conditions than in the open market or in hospitals. Instead, recent studies suggest to ask residents of care facilities about their experiences in everyday life. Based on a preceding Viennese study, the SLQA instrument for recording “subjective quality of life in nursing homes” is compared to the internationally recognized survey instruments WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organi-zation Quality of Life) and EQ-5D (EuroQol Questionnaire of Quality of Life). The re-search questions focus on different conceptualization and operationalization of quality of life in those three instruments and why they show different results.
Research topic and questions are described in the introduction, in chapter 1. Chapter 2 reviews concepts and theoretical considerations on health and quality of life. It also de-tails underlying assumptions of the survey instruments. The research design, described in chapter 3, is a quantitative analysis of the data gathered in the Viennese study. The results of the comparison between those three instruments are presented in chapter 4. There is a final discussion of key findings in chapter 5.
SLQA has a greater variety of topics and asks about experiences in everyday life. Questions can only be answered with “yes” and “no” to reduce the complexity of the survey. Therefore, more questions are necessary to cover different aspects (autonomy, empathy, privacy, security and acceptance). As a result, deriving meaningful measures from the data is comparably involved. An evaluation on item-level may be relevant to quality control within the facilities, however, it is of limited use for academic purposes. Combining the data to subcategories and, ultimately, to a total measure of quality of life is a necessary step for statistical analysis. Nevertheless, this instrument still requires specification on how to process data in a consistent manner. EQ-5D is the shortest instrument and uses a three-level rating scale, while WHOQOL-BREF offers a five-level scale. Both focus aspects of physical and psychological well-being.
A unified estimate for quality of life was calculated for each of the instruments contained in the survey. The SLQA results in the highest value of quality of life, followed by EQ-5D and WHOQOL-BREF. EQ-5D and WHOQOL-BREF show a high correlation, suggesting that these instruments are quite similar. The correlation between SLQA and both other instruments is rather low, therefore they seem to cover different aspects. EQ-5D and WHOQOL-BREF focus on individual and health-related skills and re-sources, while SLQA dominantly considers preferences and environmental aspects. Regression analysis shows that the WHO subcategories “psychological aspects” and “physical aspects” indicate the largest contribution to self-rated quality of life. Health status and autonomy are increasingly relevant for residents of apartments, whereas acceptance is more important for residents of nursing home. The SLQA is more sensitive to the different housing and care conditions than the other instruments.
Finally, a condensed tool for quality control in elderly care facilities should consider autonomy, acceptance, physical and psychological aspects. A shorter and more consistent version of the SLQA in combination with EQ-5D or with an addition of physical and psychological aspects in "SLQA-Question-Type" seems suitable. The usage of the WHOQOL-BREF (also in the new version for elderly people called OLD) only makes sense, if residents can complete the questionnaire by themselves, as is intended. Further research on SLQA should address the consistency of dimensions and possible reduction of items.