Abstract (eng)
In a modern society, the access to food is exceptionally easy as there are food stores and restaurants on every corner. In addition, the physical activity is reduced due to the sedentary lifestyle, which leads to diseases of affluence such as obesity, diabetes type II, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and promotes age-related disorders. The stated diseases share a common root, namely an unhealthy diet, which is a modifiable risk factor. Therefore, the possible effects of restrictive dieting on the immune status of the gastrointestinal tract are investigated in this thesis
In order to investigate this premise, an experiment was conducted on mice, including five diet groups and two control groups. The ketogenic groups were fed with high fat paste. The ketogenic control diet contained a higher amount of protein, as opposed to the ketogenic diets. Additionally, the caloric restriction (CR) was restricted to 75% of the daily calorie intake. The intermittent fasting (IF) group was fed every second day and the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) was divided in cycles where the daily intake was reduced up to 10%. Each dietary group consisted of eight mice.
After the diets were completed, spleen, lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer’s patches (PP) were collected for the flow cytometry. Targeted antigens were measured with the use of flow cytometry to detect the immune cells in the investigated tissues.
The gene expression of NOD2, TNFα, OAS1a, RSAD2, IRF1, PPARγ, IRF7, TLR3, MYD88, REG3γ and STAT1 were investigated, which play a role in inflammation processes and can lead to the development of lifestyle diseases, if derailed. For the examination of the gene expression small intestine ( Si), LN and PP were used.
This thesis supports the observation that restrictive diets affect the expression of genes, which are involved in inflammation. In addition, the diets also influence immune cells. Ketogenic control diet decreases STAT1 and REG3g. IF reduces IRF1, MYD88, TLR3 and PPARg. FMD has the potential to lower REG3g, TLR3, IRF1 and
2
OAS1a. CR diminishes OAS1a, REG3g, IRF1 and TLR3. Ketogenic diet shows on almost all genes a positive effect and outperforms the other diets.