Abstract (eng)
Hardly any drug has coined the global trade of the 19th century as much as opium. It settled the negative trade balance of the British Empire and the British East India Company in the tea business and enabled the integration of China into the global economic and financial system. In the course of the Opium Wars of the mid-19th century, China was forced to legalize opium, and an era of growing domestic production began. Increasingly the drug was used by the cen-tral Qing state, provincial governors, and later warlords and the nationalist Guomindang party to finance their political agenda. The thesis at hand analyses the Chinese opium economy be-tween 1860 and 1937 from the perspective of world system theory and makes use of insights from historic-materialist state theory to consider internal state dynamics. The focus lies on trade, cultivation, taxation and political interests behind the opium economy, while also con-sidering the context of international developments.