Abstract (eng)
1. Ongoing intensification and fragmentation of European agricultural landscapes dramatically reduce biodiversity and associated functions, and threaten service providing key taxa such as ants. To sustain ecosystem services such as ant mediated pest control, the enhancement of perennial non-crop areas holds great potential.
2. This study investigated differences in ant community composition (a) between cereal fields, old grasslands, and newly established grassland transects of three years age; (b) depending on functional traits such as diet, recruitment behaviour and colony size; and linked to (c) natural pest control potential.
3. Ant species richness was not significantly different between new and old grasslands, but significantly higher compared to cereal fields. Contrary, ant community composition of new grasslands was more similar to cereal fields and distinct from the species-pool of old grasslands. The functional trait space covered by the ant communities overlapped between old and new grasslands, but was extended in the old grasslands. Pest control did not differ significantly between habitat types, and could not be linked to the prevalence of functional traits related to biocontrol services.
4. Synthesis and applications
New grasslands can increase ant species richness, abundance and pest control in agroecosystems. However, three years after their establishment, new grasslands were still dominated by common agrobiont ant species and lacked habitat specialists, who require a constant supply of food resources and long colonization times. New grasslands hence represent a promising measure for enhancing agricultural landscapes, but must be preserved in the longer term to provide comparable biodiversity and functions.