Abstract (eng)
Reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European kinship terminology and questions pertaining to the etymology and cultural interpretation of kinship terms in Indo-European languages has a long tradition in historical linguistics. However, since the end of the 19th century until a very recent time Indo-Europeanists working on this topic hardly ever took a glance at the contemporary anthropological discourse and the insights of disciplines such as cognitive, areal, and contact linguistics. This thesis is aimed at filling these gaps.
The first chapter starts with a concise survey of authors and concepts of social and cultural anthropology relevant for the topic. Then I proceed to questions of cognitive linguistics such as correspondences between (social) realities and their reflection in the language and to the questions of historical semantics, reoccurring patterns of derivation and semantic change in kinship terms and their borrowability.
The second chapter is devoted to the revision of reconstructed PIE and selected IE kinship terms, their etymology, pattern of derivation and semantic change as well as their features from the point of view of typological, areal, and contact studies.
The third chapter is focused on universal, inherited, contact, and areal features of kinship terms in selected contemporary Iranian languages (three main variants of Persian, Balochi, Pashto, Ossetic, and Yaghnobi).
The main conclusion of this study is that kinship terms do not always reflect social conditions directly and unambiguously and taken isolated cannot be used as the means of reconstruction of ancient social structures as it was supposed by some researchers in the past. However, observed in a wider context, kinship terms can gain significance. Similar to DNA markers, archaeological artefacts, or mythological motives they can give information about migrations and about cultural and linguistic contacts between peoples.