Abstract (eng)
In the first chapter, we learn who the Lipovans are and how they are different from other ethnic groups. Following the schism in the Russian church in 1653, this exceptional ethnic group was forced to flee from religious persecution by the Russian state church for centuries and, in the process, repeatedly learn how to adapt quickly to new environments.
In connection with the Lipovan villages in the Danube Delta, it was noted that these had remained, to a large degree, isolated linguistic enclaves until the Second World War. After the war and the separation of the Danube Delta into a Romanian and Ukrainian section, a form of Russian-Romanian bilingualism developed in Romania, whereas a diglossia developed out of Lipovan and the Russian standard language in the Ukraine.
The majority of the Old Believers in the Danube Delta profess their faith in the priestly form of their religion and belong to the Church of Bila Krynytsia.
The persecution of the Old Believers by the state church and Russian government was alleviated under Peter I and ceased completely for a period during the plague epidemic in Moscow in 1771. After another severe wave of persecution under Nikolaus I in the 19th century, the Old Believers were finally granted complete religious freedom in the tolerance decree proclaimed by Nikolaus II.
In addition to language and religion, artistic pursuits such as icon painting, and craftsmanship in the form of wood carving and boat building, as well as social activities like singing, dancing, and storytelling, also determine the identity of the Lipovans.
The Romanian Lipovans are represented by their own representative in the country’s parliament, and they are often active as mayors, local representatives, and high-level officials in regional politics in the Ukraine.