Abstract (eng)
The Common Swift (Apus apus) belongs to a special group of synanthropic birds, that nest in and on buildings, representing an alternative to natural cliffs. In Germany, it breeds from May to September in most cities and other larger settlements. Like most of the animals, which use buildings as nesting sites, nesting sites of Common Swifts are in danger due to facade restoration measures. Although BirdLife Europe classifies the conservation status of the Common Swift as ‘least concern’, there is evidence for a population decline in Germany.
While there is a large body of publications available on the breeding biology of the Common Swift in cities, its habitat requirements in rural areas are only incompletely known. Hence, this citizen science project (in cooperation with the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Rhön) evaluated how village characteristics and landscape composition around these settlements are affecting their suitability as nesting sites in the rural district of Fulda (Hesse, Germany). From the 1st of June to 31st of July 2020, together with volunteers, we collected data from 198 villages on the occurrence of Common Swift. The species was recorded in 82 villages and 146 breeding sites were found in 42 of these villages.
Generalized linear models evaluating effects of village and landscape variables on the presence of the Common Swift and his breeding sites indicate village size as the only significant predictor. Furthermore, a preference of nesting entrances facing north to northeast could be recorded. Moreover, approximately half of all breeding sites were nesting boxes. This leads to the assumption, that Common Swifts accept this type of nesting alternatives well. Furthermore, village churches proved being important breeding sites. This study emphasizes the importance of citizen science approaches for assessing the population size and the current conservation status of bird species associated with human settlements.