Abstract (eng)
In this work, the apparent decline of a well-known population of Penduline Tits in the Morava-
Thaya floodplains in north-eastern Austria was analysed in detail using historical data (1969-2018,
ca. 130 km of river flow length) and own field surveys (2018, ca. 45 km of river flow length).
Additionally, possible reasons for the decline were investigated: By means of a GIS analysis of
recent biotope mappings, the habitat structure of heavily and less heavily frequented habitats was
compared; a time series of four water level recording stations along Thaya, Morava and Danube
river was examined to look for changes in water levels during the breeding season; and a time series
of the monthly temperature and precipitation averages from a centrally located measuring point
were used to discover climatic patterns.
Since the mid-1990s, a 81 – 87 % decrease in Penduline Tit reports could be observed for the entire
study area. In spring of 2018, 3 certain and 5 possible broods as well as 13-20 individuals could be
detected in the field survey area; a large part of the occurrences were on the Slovakian side of the
area. Good breeding habitats had a higher proportion of meadow and pasture areas, shallow waters
and near-natural softwood riparian forest than poor breeding habitats. Falling water levels could be
observed at three gauging points and an increase in low waters at all four gauging points. An
increase in temperature during the breeding season could be observed, but no trend with regard to
the amount of precipitation. Large-scale climatological studies, however, suggest an increase in
extreme precipitation events in eastern Austria.
The falling water levels indicate a decrease of important dynamic processes in the floodplain; the
onset of succession probably already leads to habitat changes that have a negative effect on
Penduline Tit population. The trend towards increasing extreme precipitation events, as well as
large-scale population dynamics, could be further major factors. Recent river renaturations on parts
of Danube, Morava and Thaya are a step in the right direction to restore natural water dynamics and
to secure richly structured habitats for the Penduline Tit and other typical floodplain species.