Abstract (eng)
Background: In comparison to average developed children, children with severe multiple disabilities show a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence going along with negative consequences for these children and their social environment. Yet, these children found little attention in research on urinary incontinence, although the existing literature shows, that early promotion can have a positive impact on future life. So far no data on continence promotion have been available, this applies particularly to the interdisciplinary setting of Austrian special schools.
Aim: This thesis aims to survey the status on continence promotion for different professions in Austrian special schools and further identify actions of continence promotion, inhibiting and promoting factors and structural resources in the setting.
Methodology: Eleven guideline-based interviews with employees of different professions in special school were conducted. Afterwards the results were discussed with two experts of paediatric nursing, who are experienced in children with severe multiple disabilities or continence promotion.
Results: The interviews resulted in a thematic structure about continence promotion with main categories like “structural aspects”, “the individual child”, “attitudes and competence of the staff” and (personal) “aims”. Specific communicative, physiotherapeutic, psychological and individual activities were identified such as “offered toilet use and reminder”, “consistent daily structure” and “providing the procedure of toilet use”. All professions rate continence promotion as important topic, however the necessary implementation often turns out to be insufficient because of difficult structural aspects and heterogenous qualification backgrounds. A distinct group comparison in the sample cannot be valid because of the unequal distribution of the different professions. Furthermore cooperation with the children’s parents, a group only indirectly involved in everyday school life, is crucial for a successful continence promotion.
Conclusion: The staff of Austrian special schools use various activities to promote urinary continence. However, due to difficult structural conditions, a lack of specific qualification for continence promotion and potentially difficult cooperation with parents, these cannot always be successfully implemented. To address this problem, further research and enhanced inclusion of professional nursing in special schools seem necessary.