Abstract (eng)
Distributed entanglement is a vital and exclusive resource for many quantum communication
protocols. Since remote parties cannot create shared entanglement using local operations
and classical communication (LOCC) alone, parts of entangled quantum states must be sent
via quantum channels. However, due to inevitable interaction with the environment during
transmission, the entanglement is degraded and thus the security of quantum communication
is compromised. One strategy to restore the quality of entanglement between two parties is
entanglement distillation. By LOCC the entanglement of an ensemble of quantum states can
be enhanced at the cost of the number of states.
In this thesis, entanglement distillation of photon pairs entangled in both, the energy-time
degree of freedom (DOF) and the polarisation DOF independently, is demonstrated in a proof
of principle experiment using passive linear optics only. This is the first photonic implemen-
tation that strictly follows the original proposal, with a polarising beam splitter efficiently
acting as deterministic controlled NOT gate between the two employed DOF. Moreover, by
employing hyperentanglement, the probability of success per photon pair sent is doubled com-
pared to the original proposal. It is demonstrated, that various contributions of distinct noise
models can be introduced independently in the two DOF. The high demands of interferometric
stability are met and so an ensemble with a bit flip error in the polarisation DOF and a bit and
bit-phase flip error in the energy-time DOF is successfully distilled. The results are consistent
with the predictions of the developed theoretical model.
Because entanglement distillation is one of the building blocks of a quantum repeater, the
results of this work are of great importance for the distribution of entanglement over long
distances and a future quantum world wide web connecting quantum computers.