Abstract (eng)
Nowadays, generalized anxiety disorders appear to be highly prevalent and correlate with dysfunctions in several brain networks such as the prefrontal cortex. This brain area contributes to a variety of executive functions, which are responsible for fundamental skills managing daily life activities. Noteworthy, the executive functions decrease disproportional during aging. Specifically, anxiety absorbs the resources which would be needed for attentional control, limiting the overall cognitive resources and resulting in performance deficits. Hence, few studies have suggested dual-task training as a new approach to stimulate EFs, and further, to improve the activity in the prefrontal cortex and the performance outcome. Considering the psychological perspective, the “response-related feedback” is a proofed mental technique to enhance performance, allowing an external focus and leading to an automatic control process. However, the role of dual-task training and feedback in that setting is yet to research. A healthy and a high anxious older adult participated in the pilot study. Both were compared with a representative control group of younger healthy participants (15). The anxiety level, the cognitive skills, as well as the functional fitness were assessed before and after the intervention, including seven sessions with dual-task training with feedback. Additionally, the ERP data of the brain activity during a discriminative response task was recorded. Further, the prefrontal negativity before the external stimuli were observed and compared between the two timepoints. The results indicate that, dual task training might improve the trait anxiety level (pre 46, post 25) and the cognitive status (pre 18, post 25) of high anxious people. In both participants, the behavioural data and the fitness status improved. Also, the prefrontal negativity and the Bereitschaftspotential were greater after the intervention. The intervention showed to be an effective tool to improve the functional fitness, the anxiety level and the cognitive status of anxious and healthy older people. Further, health relevant issues, such as risk of falling, poor social behaviour, or poor daily life performance might be positively affected by the training.