Abstract (eng)
Everyday life is full of ambiguous speech sounds, and contextual information has been found to facilitate their perception and disambiguation. In individuals with developmental dyslexia, phonological processing and letter-speech sound integration are impaired, leading to difficulties in reading. In this fMRI study, dyslexic adults were exposed to a phonetic recalibration paradigm with ambiguous speech sounds.
Additionally, participants were presented simultaneously with either written text or video recordings of lip movements, which served as disambiguating information. The strength of perceptual shift (recalibration) was calculated comparing the two conditions hypothesizing that lip movements would serve as better disambiguating stimulus than text in this specific sample. There was however a significant recalibration effect in both conditions and no significant difference in strength of effect between the two. As hypothesized, brain areas associated with reading and audio-visual integration, such as the visual, auditory, and motor cortex were active in both conditions. Further, there were stimulus-dependent differences in neural activation, with the text-based condition eliciting stronger activation in the posterior occipito-temporal cortex and visual word form area (VWFA) while the lipread condition lead to a broader activation cluster in the occipital cortex including fusiform face area (FFA). The text-based condition further elicited activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Given the significant recalibration effect for both, written text and lip movements and the involvement of the left IFG during text processing, it can be concluded that participants successfully employed compensation strategies during the integration of written text and speech.