Abstract (eng)
This Master's thesis examines the institutionalisation process of electronic sports (e-sports for short) in Japan from a hegemony theory perspective. Based on the initial situation of Japanese e-sports, two research hypotheses are formulated: 1) The delayed onset of an institutionalisation and development process of e-sports in Japan compared to other countries is related to the hindering influence of one or more actors. 2) The historically strong positioning of Japanese video game and game console manufacturers represents another influencing factor for the development of Japanese e-sports. Based on these hypotheses, the research question is pursued as to which aspects and factors have shaped this process and may have contributed to its late onset in international comparison. The methodological approach to reconstructing the institutionalisation process of Japanese e-sports consists of a hermeneutic evaluation of media reports and an expert interview. Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony and neogramscian extensions of this concept (Louis Althusser: “ideological interpellation”; Ernesto Laclau & Chantal Mouffe: “empty signifier”) form the theoretical framework for the subsequent analysis of the power structures underlying the institutionalisation process. With the help of this developed approach, the mechanisms for maintaining and exerting power of the central key actors are shown and made explicable. As a result, the involvement of Japanese economic representatives of the video game industry through regulatory practices to maintain their domestic market dominance in Japanese e-sports could be made visible. This manifests itself primarily in a Japan-centred orientation of Japanese e-sports through the current umbrella organisation JeSU, which focuses on disciplines with little international significance. Furthermore, it was also possible to demonstrate an intertwining with the Japanese media and entertainment industry, which was not incorporated into the umbrella organisation and could thus enter into an antagonistic relationship with the latter in the long term.