Abstract (eng)
This Master’s Thesis provides a (geometrical) formula to determine the boundary index of an isolated, saturated equilibrium of a vector field in the plane. It is assumed that the non-negative orthant (or other state spaces, e.g., the probability simplex) is forward invariant and the equilibrium is part of the boundary of the non-negative orthant.
In the beginning, Brouwer degree theory is used to introduce the general concept of the index of an equilibrium. Then, we focus on biological systems and the boundary index, in particular we give a proof of the boundary index theorem by Hofbauer on the simplex. The first chapter is completed by a study of plane vector fields and the concept of rotation, which happens to be equivalent to the degree.
In the second chapter we prove an analogue of Bendixsons’s index formula for the boundary index of an isolated, saturated equilibrium in the plane. We continue with a superficial treatment of homogeneous vector fields and conclude with a boundary index formula for non-degenerate systems.