Abstract (eng)
In the light of the Russian Federation’s war of aggression against Ukraine, justified doubt has emerged regarding the effectiveness of the European Union’s sanctions regime adopted against Russia for her destabilising actions in Ukraine. This thesis researches the economic and political consequences of those measures on Russia prior to the escalation of the Ukrainian Crisis in February 2022 to find strengths and weaknesses of those sanctions. By means of a thorough literature review, this eclectic work evaluates the impact of sanctions on Russia’s economic development and investigates whether political change has occurred as a consequence of sanctions. Economically, it becomes evident that sanctions played only a subordinate role in the Russian economy’s decline, with the falling oil price and the depreciating rouble exerting a much stronger influence. Nevertheless, sanctions succeeded in impeding Russia’s access to international financial markets and in discouraging capital flows to Russia. Politically, sanctions were unsuccessful both in coercing Russia to change her foreign policy goals in Ukraine as well as in constraining her actions there. The realist point of view on international relations employed by Russia’s political elite necessitates Russian-controlled spheres of influence to ensure the state’s survival. Hence, the European Union’s sanctions were unsuccessful in achieving the goal of a de-escalation in Ukraine and a full implementation of the Minsk Agreements.