Abstract (eng)
The effects of sunlight on the human organism have been the focus of scientific investigation for many decades. In combination with the application of pharmaceutical products sunlight can induce phototoxic effects, in particular after oral or dermal application. Clinical symptoms range from erythema to skin cancer. Phototoxic effects have been investigated using various preclinical and clinical methods. However, comparability of data is often limited due to inconsistent experimental parameters. Thus, it was the aim of this work to address this issue by conducting a comprehensive literature analysis. By reviewing past and current literature dealing with the analysis of phototoxic effects, a systematic evaluation of the different deployed methods was performed and a standardized procedure for future studies is being proposed. All relevant preclinical and clinical methods were taken into consideration and their respective theoretical background, experimental set-ups and specific advantages or shortcomings were discussed. It could be shown that the 3T3 NRU-test performed under standardized conditions is still the gold standard for preliminary investigations and screening. For examinations using pig ear skin, consistent methodical parameters do not exist. Here, a future goal will be to establish a standardized procedure for general evaluation of this ex vivo model in context with phototoxicity studies. As last step for future studies, clinical examination of healthy volunteers via photopatch-test or erythema-test should be implemented.