Abstract (eng)
An incomplete understanding of atmospheric aerosol-cloud interaction processes is one of the most significant contributors to the uncertainties of predictions of the Earth’s changing climate - one of the greatest challenges for humanity in this century. The investigation of aerosol-cloud interaction belongs to the list of high-priority research topics in atmospheric sciences. Significant efforts have been made to close the gaps in understanding aerosol impacts on clouds using model simulations, laboratory investigations, and ground-based and airborne observations. This dissertation focused on the assessment of the global distribution of coarse-mode aerosol and clouds with large-scale in situ aircraft observations, including laboratory experiments, theoretical simulations, and significant algorithm developments. The methodological developments and scientific analysis were based on the observations from three international airborne field observations: ATom (2016-2018), A-LIFE (2017), and FIREX-AQ (2019). This dissertation improved the capabilities of airborne in situ measurements, offering more reliable and precise observations and quantifications of atmospheric coarse-mode aerosol and cloud particles. The novel Cloud Indicator algorithm provides robust and automatic detections and classifications of clouds, which establishes the foundation for extended investigations of cloud processes like aerosol-cloud interactions. These newly developed algorithms and techniques enabled the analysis of global-scale airborne in situ aerosol observations and revealed the importance and extensive atmospheric abundance of coarse-mode aerosol. Furthermore, investigations of clouds embedded in a dense mineral dust layer demonstrated two processes of aerosol-cloud interactions: heterogeneous ice nucleation leading to ice crystals and small-scale vertical lifting induced CCN activation and growth of small liquid droplets.