Abstract (eng)
This master thesis looks at national socialist ideology in the seven-piece mathematical textbook series for primary schools “Rechenbuch für Volksschulen – Ostmark” and “Rechenbuch für Volksschulen – Alpen- und Donaureichsgaue“ between 1941 and 1943 and the potential exertion of influence on children and adolescents in national socialist Austria. In particular, this paper tries to shed light on the various aspects of national socialist ideology and its worldview used in this specific mathematical schoolbook series. To answer this question, the series “Rechenbuch für Volksschulen” was analysed by means of Philipp Mayring’s qualitative content analysis. In order to do so, two different categories were assigned to the textbooks’ mathematical tasks: “ideological” or “free of ideology”. Furthermore, the tasks classified as “ideological” were additionally allocated up to a maximum of two out of twelve different thematical categories. Afterwards, those thematical categories that occurred most often were then analysed using Achim Landwehr’s historical discourse analysis. With the help of Mayring’s qualitative content analysis, around 10% of “ideological” tasks could be identified in the textbook series. The thesis found that those tasks assigned to the “ideological” category increased with advancing age and grade. Thematically, a majority of the “ideological” tasks focused on members of the “Hitler Youth” (“Hitlerjugend”/HJ) taking part in collection campaigns for Nazi organisations such as the “German Winter Relief” (“Winter-hilfswerk”/WHW) or the “National Socialist People’s Welfare” (“Nationalsozialistische Volks-wohlfahrt”/NSV). Also, collecting goods and materials vital for the war is regularly made a subject of discussion in the textbooks’ tasks. This aims at manipulating students on how to properly get involved in the “German National Community” (“Volksgemeinschaft”) as part of the Nazi youth organisations. Especially starting in year 5, the number of tasks focusing on calculations concerning military and warfare context increases significantly. Therefore, this master thesis argues that math classes during the Nazi regime played a vital role in the military education of the nation’s youth.