Abstract (eng)
Since the invasion of the Turkish army in 1974, Cyprus has been internally divided into two republics, the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), the latter recognized only by Turkey and itself. Since that year, many attempts have been made to reunite the island, but all have been unsuccessful. The aim of this master thesis is to understand what has prevented and continues to prevent the reunification of the island. Based on the problems identified in the first part, this thesis also develops a plan for a reunification process that could eventually lead to a lasting peace. The methodology used in this thesis is a combination of literature review, participatory observation, and guideline interviews. In the first part i.e., the literature review, I discuss various topics related to the Cyprus issue, such as the geographical features, history, internal division, and efforts to reunify the island, as well as the influence of gas and oil resources in the Eastern Mediterranean on the Cyprus issue. To conduct the participatory observation and guideline interviews, I organized a two-month stay in Cyprus, during which I was in contact with local Greek and Turkish Cypriots, from whom I obtained information on their personal sentiments regarding the island’s past, present, and future. The results show that several aspects stand out as the main reasons for the impossibility of reunifying the island. These include the lack of a common life and language between the two sides, issues related to the Turks who moved into the homes of the Greek Cypriots after 1974, territorial questions, issues related to the division of executive power, to the presence of the Turkish army, the role of too passive or uncompromising actors, and the UN. The final chapter contains a proposal for a sustainable solution, emphasizing the importance of exchange and cooperation and presenting suggested solutions to each of the above problems.