Abstract (eng)
Situational strength refers to behavioral demands, apparent to the individual in a specific situation. This study examines the relationship of Situational Strength At Work to Self-Control, commonly known as willpower. It is hypothesized that strong situations demand Self-Control and that there is a training effect across time such that Self-Control Capacity increases and Ego-Depletion decreases. To this end, a cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in the Austrian Armed Forces. Group comparisons revealed stronger situations in the military, as opposed to non-military settings. Linear regressions between Situational Strength and Self-Control as well as Need For Recovery, as an indicator of Ego-Depletion, showed different effects than hypothesized. A closer exploratory examination of the facets of Situational Strength At Work (Clarity, Consistency, Constraints, and Consequences) revealed partially opposing effects. Furthermore, length of service and Work Engagement were tested as moderators. No significant interactions were found, but the moderators interacted with some facets of Situational Strength At Work. Regardless of the predictor, higher Work Engagement appears to have desirable effects on both criteria examined. Combined, the study indicates that a training effect of Self-Control through the work context is non-existent. Based on theoretical considerations, suggestions for future research are made and practical implications for supervisors and work psychologists are derived, based on the results.