Abstract (eng)
This study sheds light on the working conditions in the Austrian distribution centers of a transnational mail order company. It is based on the interpretation of experiences of migrant (temporary) workers, which I made accessible by means of problem-centered interviews. In addition, protocols were included as secondary data, which were created in the course of participant observation in a distribution center. The sociological analysis focused on how socio-structural inequalities and power relations are reflected in the workers' narratives and their working and living conditions. Since individual experiences are mediated by social conditions and are, thus, always social experiences, understanding them requires ongoing reflection on the totality of the social phenomenon of working conditions. Therefore, the refugee or migration biographies of the interviewees, their accompanying multiple precarity, as well as the general laws and mechanisms of the capitalist mode of production are taken into account throughout. Thus, my study is based on Marxist analysis and critique of political economy. This theoretical approach allows for a conceptual understanding of the capitalist mode of production and is intended to do justice to the claim of embedding the data material in the overall social context. The empirical results illustrate how temporary work is used as an instrument of domination and selection mechanism, to what extent the structuring of the work process can be conceived of as digital Taylorism, and which consequences this has for social relations in the company. In addition, I discuss the preconditions for the need for opposition and the barriers to its practice. Continuously, the study revolves around the reification of living workers into mere means of capital accumulation and the suffering that accompanies it. The study contributes in at least two ways to invalidating the public discourse that treats hurtful working conditions as scandals or isolated cases, thus obscuring their general and structural character. First, my research complements existing sociological analyses of migrant working conditions in other companies. Second, I discuss the causes and contexts of the suffering as structurally conditioned. Moreover, I address the research desideratum of linking the fields of sociology of work and sociology of migration in the analysis of concrete social conditions in the work process. Finally, the study illustrates that in the struggle against reifying working conditions it is not sufficient to problematize working conditions alone, but that social relations and political regulations must also be criticized. For it is these relations that (co-)constitute the multi-precarious situation of the workers, which ultimately force them to accept the conditions of self-preservation set by capital in distribution centers and elsewhere.