Abstract (eng)
The Indonesian Seas not only form the primary low latitude connection between the Pacific and the Indian Ocean but also represent a bathymetrically interesting region. This connection is referred to as the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and is the focus of this thesis. The thesis centers around the transport of volume through the major passages of Makassar Strait, Lombok Strait, Ombai Strait, and Timor Passage which have already been the target of several measurement campaigns, including the INSTANT program (2004-2006) and the MITF program (2006-2017). Those campaigns aimed to capture characteristics of the Indonesian Throughflow (e.g., velocity, temperature, and salinity) and to establish connections with the larger-scale ocean and the climate system. However, real-time monitoring of the ITF is only possible with Reanalyses, and in order to employ them, their skills have to be evaluated. Comparisons between observations and different Reanalysis products allow for a successful study of the product’s performance. The use of five 1/4◦ × 1/4◦ products (CGLORS, GLORYS2V4, FOAM, ORAS5, and ORAP6) and one 1/12◦ × 1/12◦ product (GLORYS12V1) underlines the importance of a higher resolution product, especially in more narrow straits. Results confirm that there is a qualitative agreement between observations and Reanalyses, and they reflect the flow regimes in the different passages adequately. Nonetheless, in terms of magnitude, there are still notable over- and underestimations in broader and more narrow straits, respectively. Furthermore, we study the seasonal dependence of the ITF transport on the large-scale sea level gradient, defined by the sea level anomalies between the western Pacific and the eastern Indian Ocean. While the upper layer (<300 m) of the ITF corresponds to the sea level gradient, our findings reveal a reversal of the current response in the lower layer (>300 m). The results raise important questions about the processes that influence the ITF vertical profile and the apparent two-layer system.